Cancer immunotherapy has transformed oncology, yet many patients fail to respond or eventually develop resistance. Emerging research reveals that the ...

Scientists have identified how a bacteria in the gut can act as a protective species against Salmonella infection. A team at the University of Cambridge in England revealed a novel role for the ...

The skin epidermis is the body's main defense against dehydration and harmful substances. We used germ-free mice to show that the microbiota is essential for proper differentiation and repair of the ...

The human gut is home to trillions of microbes that not only aid in digestion but also play a key role in shaping our immune system. These microbes communicate with the body by releasing a range of ...

Thale cress (Arabidopsis thaliana) growing on a culture medium. Flagellin triggers immune reactions that shift resources to defence, resulting in reduced plant growth. Colonization with a commensal ...