The headline is somewhat of a trick question: of course the effect did exist before the railroads. However, it wasn’t yet defined by the physics of the day, nor was it even noticed before the ...

THERE are some close Earth satellites carrying radio frequency transmitters. By means of the Doppler effect, the radiation from the transmitters received at ground stations is used to infer the ...

THE discovery of the Mössbauer effect has given fresh interest to the discussion of relativistic Doppler effects 1. The purpose of this communication is to establish certain exact results in a very ...