Kumani Bank mud volcano has produced transient islands multiple times since its first recorded eruption in 1861.

Mud volcanoes often exhibit calderas, which are large circular depressions at their summit. Detailed mapping around the Caspian Sea suggests that caldera-forming mud volcanoes are dynamically ...

Mud volcanoes aren't uncommon in this part of the world. In 2023 an island appeared in the Caspian Sea, about 25 km off Azerbaijan's east coast, and disappeared a year later. NASA satelites ...

A mud volcano has erupted in Azerbaijan, sending plumes of black smoke and flames up to 300m (980ft) into the sky. Government officials say cracks up to 40m deep have appeared in the area after ...

Mud volcanoes—relatively unheard of in North America, but prominent in volcanic regions around the globe—have quietly changed Earth’s landscape throughout our planet’s history. Eagle-eyed geologist ...