In some Indian languages, the word for “language” is bhasha—the vowels long and warm, as in “car” or “tar.” It has a formal weight and a refined spirit. It comes to us from the classical heights of ...

Spoken behind the walls of colonial forts and offices, English in India was at first the language of ledgers and treaties. But as British rule expanded from the ports of Gujarat to the palaces of ...

India’s language policy debate — reignited by the National Education Policy’s implementation — reveals deeper tensions between the country’s state and central governments, with southern states ...