Saturable absorbers as passive modulators in passively mode-locked fiber lasers play a crucial role in the generation of ultrashort pulses. Germanene, a graphene-like two-dimensional material with ...

In the field of flexible metamaterial design, harnessing zero modes plays a key part in enabling reconfigurable elastic properties of the metamaterial with unconventional characteristics. However, ...

Passive mode-locked technology utilizes saturable absorbers' nonlinear absorption effect to regulate the cavity's loss and phase to generate mode-locked pulses. Graphene has a unique energy bandgap ...